Dr. Amy Nett: Yeah, intolerance to prebiotics and probiotics could indicate either SIBO or dysbiosis. Again, this goes back to some of the other questions we’ve been talking about today. One, can you differentiate SIBO versus dysbiosis on clinical symptoms? Unfortunately we can’t. And then as Chris mentioned in the content this week, we sometimes see elevated D-lactate on the urine organic acids test. When we see elevated D-lactate, that can be due to an overgrowth of Lactobacillus species, and sometimes patients who have that elevated D-lactate will note that they don’t tolerate probiotics that contain Lactobacillus and specifically would recommend avoiding Lactobacillus-containing probiotics in patients with high D-lactate on the urine organic acids test. So, yes, if a patient doesn’t tolerate prebiotics or probiotics, it tells us that there is something going on with the gut. Unfortunately, it doesn’t tell me whether or not it’s SIBO or dysbiosis. There’s been some proposal that if it causes symptoms within this amount of time, a short amount of time, maybe it’s SIBO, and if it takes longer, maybe it’s dysbiosis. There could be some truth to that, but I know we’ve all heard Chris say, why guess when you can test? Financial reasons might be one answer to that, but I think we can’t really know definitively, but it clearly indicates there’s something going on with the GI tract.