In the discussion on the core botanical protocol, you mentioned one of the ingredients in GI-Synergy is H-PLR antimicrobial herbs. What does H-PLR stand for, and could you provide a list of the antimicrobial herbs in that product?

Chris Kresser: Yes. GI-Synergy, for those of you that don’t know, is actually a blend of three separate Apex products. One is called H-PLR, the other is Yeastonil, and the third is Parastonil. H-PLR has more of the antibacterial, antimicrobial herbs, and it’s barberry, goldenseal, oregano, goldthread, and yerba mansa. Parastonil has the antiparasitic herbs, and Yeastonil has the antifungal herbs. That’s why GI-Synergy is such great combo because it’s antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antifungal, but sometimes we might just use H-PLR if patient has H. pylori and no fungal overgrowth or parasites. We might just choose to use a simpler product and just use that single product.