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Functional Blood Chemistry Manual

A/G Ratio

Laboratory reference range: 1.1–2.5
Functional reference range: 1.5–2.0

Albumin

Laboratory reference range: 3.5–5.5 g/dL
Functional reference range: 4–5 g/dL

Alkaline Phosphatase

Laboratory reference range: 39–117 IU/L
Functional reference range: 42–107 IU/L

ALT

Laboratory reference range: 0–44 IU/L
Functional reference ranges:18
Male: 5–26 IU/L
Female: 5–20 IU/L

AST

Laboratory reference range: 0–40 IU/L
Functional reference range:12
Male: 5–25 IU/L
Female: 5–23 IU/L

Basophils

Functional reference range: 0–3%

Bilirubin, total

Laboratory reference range: 0–1.2 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 0.1–1.2 mg/dL

BUN

Laboratory reference range: 6–24 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 13–18 mg/dL

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

REFERENCE RANGES FOR BUN/CREATININE RATIO: Laboratory reference range:1 BUN:Cr Urea:Cr Location Mechanism >20:1 >100:1 Prerenal (before the kidney) BUN reabsorption is increased. BUN is disproportionately elevated relative to creatinine in serum. Dehydration or hypoperfusion is suspected. 10-20:1 40-100:1 Normal or Postrenal (after the kidney) Normal range. Can also be postrenal disease. BUN reabsorption is within […]

Calcitriol

Laboratory reference range: 19.9–79.3 pg/mL
Functional reference range: Same as conventional range

Calcium

Laboratory reference range: 8.7–10.2 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 9.2–10.1 mg/dL

Chloride

Laboratory reference range: 97–108 mmol/L
Functional reference range: 100–106 mmol/L

Cholesterol, Total

Laboratory reference range:
Male and female: 100–199 mg/dL
Functional reference ranges:
Male: 150–220 mg/dL
Female: 150–230 mg/dL

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Laboratory reference range: 18–29 mmol/L
Functional reference range: 25–30 mmol/L

Copper

Laboratory reference range: 72–166 µg/dL
Functional reference range: 81–157 µg/dL

Creatinine

Laboratory reference range:
Male and female: 0.76–1.27 mg/dL
Functional reference range:
Male: 0.85–1.1 mg/dL
Female: 0.7 – 1.0 mg/dL

CRP-hs

Laboratory reference range: 0–3 mg/L
Functional reference range: 0–1 mg/L

eGFR

Laboratory reference range: >59 mL/min/1.73

Eosinophils

Laboratory reference range:
Relative 0–5%
Absolute 0.0–0.4 x103/µL
Functional reference range:
Relative 0–3%
Absolute 0.0–0.4 x103/µL

Ferritin

Laboratory reference ranges:
Male: 30–400 ng/mL
Female: 15–150 ng/mL
Functional reference ranges:
Male: 30–200 ng/mL
Female: 30–100 ng/mL

Folate

Laboratory reference range: > 3 μg/L
Functional range: > 8 μg/L

Free Thyroxine Index

Laboratory reference range: 1.2–4.9

GGT

Laboratory reference range:
Male and female: 0–65 IU/L
Functional reference ranges:14
Male: 0–29 IU/L
Female: 0–21 IU/L

Globulin

Laboratory reference range: 1.5–4.5 g/dL
Functional reference range: 2.4–2.8 g/dL

Glucose

Laboratory reference range: 65–99 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 75–85 mg/dL

HDL

Laboratory reference range: 39+ mg/dL
Functional reference range: 50–85 mg/dL

Hematocrit

Laboratory reference range:
Male and Female: 37.5–51%
Functional reference ranges:
Male: 40–48%
Female: 37–44%

Hemoglobin

Laboratory reference range:
Male and Female: 12.6–17.7 g/dL
Functional reference ranges:
Male: 14–15 g/dL
Female: 13.5–14.5 g/dL

Hemoglobin A1c

Laboratory reference range: 4.8–5.6%
Functional reference range: 4.6–5.3%

Homocysteine

Laboratory reference range: 0–15 µmol/L
Functional reference range: < 7 µmol/L

Insulin

Laboratory Reference range: 2.6-24.8 uIU/ml
Functional lab range: 3-7 uIU/ml

Iron

Laboratory reference range: 40–155 µg/dL
Functional reference range: 40–135 µg/dL

Iron Saturation

Laboratory reference range: 15–55%
Functional reference range: 17–45%

LDH

Laboratory reference range: 121–224 IU/L
Functional reference range: 140–180 IU/L

LDL

Laboratory reference range: 0–99 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 50–140 mg/dL

Lymphocytes

Laboratory reference range:
Relative 26–46%
Absolute: 0.7–3.1 x103/µL
Functional reference range:
Relative 25–40%
Absolute: N/A

Magnesium

Laboratory reference range: 1.6–2.6 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 2.0–2.6 mg/dL

MCH

Laboratory reference range: 26.6–33 pg/cell
Functional reference range: 27.7–32 pg/cell

MCHC

Laboratory reference range: 31.5–35.7 g/dL
Functional reference range: 32–35 g/dL

MCV

Laboratory reference range: 79–97 fL
Functional reference range: 85–92 fL

MMA

Laboratory reference range: 0–378 nmol/L
Functional reference range: < 300 nmol/L

Monocytes

Laboratory reference range:
Relative 2–12%
Absolute 0.1–0.9 x103/µL
Functional reference range:
Relative 4–7%
Absolute N/A

Neutrophils

Lab reference range:
Relative: 49–74%
Absolute: 1.4 – 7.0 x103/µL
Functional reference range:
Relative: 40–60%
Absolute: N/A

Phosphorus

Laboratory reference range: 2.5–4.5 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 3.0–4.0 mg/dL

Platelets

Laboratory reference range: 150–379 x 103/µL
Functional reference range: 150–379 x 103/µL

Potassium

Laboratory reference range: 3.5–5.2 nmol/L
Functional reference range: 4.0–4.5 nmol/L

Protein, Total

Laboratory reference range: 6–8.5 g/dL
Functional reference range: 6.9–7.4 g/dL

PTH

Laboratory reference range: 15–65 pg/mL
Functional reference range: 15–30 pg/mL (PTH levels >30 pg/mL may be indicative of biological vitamin D deficiency when 25(OH)D levels are low.)

RBC

Laboratory reference range: 4.14–5.80 x 106/µL
Functional reference range: 4.40–4.90 x 106/µL

RDW

Laboratory reference range: 12.3–15.4%
Functional reference range: 11.5–15%

Serum B12

Laboratory reference range: 211–946 pg/mL
Functional reference range: 450–2000 pg/mL

Sodium

Laboratory reference range: 134–144 nmol/L
Functional reference range: 135–140 nmol/L

T3 Free

Laboratory reference range: 2.0–4.4 pg/mL
Functional reference range: 2.5–4.0 pg/mL

T3 Reverse

Laboratory reference range: 9.2–24.1 ng/dL

T3 Total

Laboratory reference range: 71–180 ng/dL
Functional reference range: 100–180 ng/dL

T3 Uptake

Laboratory reference range:
Male and Female: 24–39%
Functional reference ranges:
Male: 30–38%
Female: 28–35%

T4 Free

Laboratory reference range: 0.82–1.77 ng/dL
Functional reference range: 1.0–1.5 ng/dL

T4 Total

Laboratory reference range: 4.5–12 µg/dL
Functional reference range: 6–12 µg/dL

Tg Antibodies

Laboratory reference range: 0–0.9 IU/mL

TIBC

Laboratory reference range: 250–450 µg/dL
Functional reference range: 275–425 µg/dL

Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio

Laboratory reference range: 0–5
Functional reference range: 0–3

TPO Antibodies

Laboratory reference range: 0–34 IU/mL

Triglycerides

Laboratory reference range: 0–149 mg/dL
Functional reference range: 50–100 mg/dL

Triglycerides / HDL Ratio

Laboratory reference range: 0–3.8
Functional reference range: 0–2

TSH

Laboratory reference range: 0.45–4.5 µIU/mL
Functional reference range: 0.5–2.0 µIU/mL

Quick Wins

TSI Antibodies

Laboratory reference range: 0–139% of basal activity

UIBC

Laboratory and functional reference range: 175–350 µg/dL

Uric Acid

Laboratory reference range: 3.7–8.6 mg/dL
Functional reference range:
Male: 3.7–6 mg/dL
Female: 3.2–5.5 mg/dL

Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy

Laboratory reference range: 30–100 ng/mL
Functional reference range: 35–60 ng/mL

WBC

Laboratory reference range: 3.4–10.8 x 103/µL
Functional reference range: 5.0–8.0 x 103/µL

Zinc

Laboratory reference range: 56–134 µg/dL
Functional reference range: 81–157 µg/dL

Zinc / Copper Ratio

Functional reference range: 0.85–1.2

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